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Category Archives: NaNo Cutting Tools

Cutter selection Part-1

Cutter selection Part-1

Cutter selection

Only correct type and cutting edge may do a good job for milling work. Popular end mills include flat cutter, side cutter, face milling cutter, milling cutter, end mill, sawing, and milling cutter. Its characteristics is that many teeth and flutes on one milling cutter, some end mills with only two or three teeth; some cutters are with considerable numbers of teeth. Hence end mill is called as multi-teeth cutters.

There are many types of cutters and a variety of classification methods as below:

Classify by material:

  1. High-speed steel cutters:for general purposes, the most widely used.
  2. Carbide cutter:for high speed cutting.
  3. Non-ferrous metal casting alloy cutter:suitable for heavy cutting.

Classify by the way of grinding wheel:

  1. Contour cutter.
  2. Type cutter.

Classify by tool installation:

  1. Spindle cutter device:set cutter by use of the tool axis, which with a hole in the center of milling cutter, and used in horizontal milling machine.
  2. Shank type milling cutter:cutter body with straight shank or taper shank, it needs to be fixed by a chuck or socket for installation.
  3. Face Mills:This cutter is with a short cutter shaft, it needs to be settled by cutter shaft device then set on the spindle of milling machine directly for installation.

Classify by cutter structure:

  1. Overall cutter:body and cutting edge made by the same material as a whole, generally adopt high-speed steel.
  2. Brazed cutter:cutting blade made with carbide, the body is high carbon steel, combined by brazed joint.
  3. Welding blade cutter: cutting blade made with high carbon steel or tool steel, high-speed steel, ontology Ministry both to weld joints.
  4. Inlay cutter:blade screwed on the body, you can remove it to grind or replace, mostly used in face milling cutter of big diameter.

The next article will introduce cutters classified by the appearances and applications, so stay tuned!

article reference – Vocational Training Council

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Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

 

BW’s popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

 

Characteristics of precision miniature cutting tools

tool,Characteristics of precision miniature cutting tools

Four major cutting method:

  1. Precision micro turning
  2. Precision micro milling
  3. Precision micro fly cut
  4. Precision micro drilling

There are precision micro turning tools,flat end mills, ball end mill, throwing cutter, and drills according to these applications. The working conditions, friction, impact, and cutting resistance are much worse because of the limitation of size, which is different from normal spec tools.

Basic requirements for miniature cutters:

  1. Small work piece and micro machining partIn order to fit the characteristics of tiny machining, high machining accuracy and avoid interference between the work piece and the cutter, the whole work piece and the machining scale must be synchronized reduced.
  2. Sharp cutting edgeUnder micro cutting conditions, in order to achieve a very small amount of material removed, the depth of cut and feed rate is usually in the micron level, the cutting edge should be sharp enough.
  3. Good quality of surfaceSurface quality influences the performance of the micro-cutting tools a lot, poor surface quality will not only increase the frictional resistance and lead to the deterioration while fine cutting, but also weaken the toolstrength.
  4. Good quality of surfaceRotary tools like the small diameter of end mills and drills, micro-cutting is carried out under high spindle speed.The cutting part of cutters should have sufficient strength and dynamic characteristics, which are able to afford the high impact load.
  5. Rigid, anti-deformation abilityTo ensure working accuracy, miniature cutters should have higher rigidity to reduce the deformation and rebound under cutting force.
  6. Good wear resistance, average wear processThe cutting part of the micro cutting tools should have enough hardness to ensure its abrasion resistance.Blunt cutter will not only affect its machining accuracy, but also happen processing glitches which will bring difficulty of surface finishing.
  7. High accuracy of dynamic balanceThe run out feed rate of micro cutter is significantly greater than cutting for normal size… Under high spindle speed, the cutting edge between the cutting load is very uneven, the cutting force fluctuation is serious, the tip trajectory and accuracy of processing, the tiny end mills, drills and other rotary tool should have high accuracy of dynamic balancing.
  8. Accurate and reliable tool clampingSmall rotary tool installation error is the main factor to influence the machining accuracy and reliability. The tool clamping system should have high contact rigidity, accuracy of repeating position, and good speedy locking.

Material of micro cutters

It is a very important mean to choose the advanced and applicable tool material, which may ensure the whole performance of micro tools .. The ideal materials for miniature cutters are diamond, fine grain and ultra-fine grain carbide.

qrcode

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

BW’s popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

 
發表迴響

發文者為 於 2012/06/27 英吋 cutting tool, End Mills, NaNo Cutting Tools

 

鎢鋼材質刀具適性與特性

切屑形狀及其形成介紹

燒結碳化物(碳化鎢、鎢鋼)有兩等級

一為純碳化物類及抗陷穴類。純碳化物只包含碳化物和鈷,強度及耐磨特性最好,任何其他物質加入均將減少其強度及耐磨性,通常用來切削鑄鐵及非鐵金屬材料。但純碳化物不耐高溫,在高熱下鋼屑易沾黏在刀面上,使刀面因擴散作用形成凹陷。而加入碳化鉭及碳化鈦之碳化物,因這兩成分熔點高於碳化鎢,故抗高溫性也相對提高,相對的強度及耐磨特性較純碳化物低。

鎢鋼材質特性:

ISO
分類
等級 使用
情形
洛氏硬度 抗折力 成分
HRA (kg/mm2) 鎢W 鈷Co 鈦Ti 鉭Ta 碳C
P P01 韌性↓大
大↑耐磨耗性
91.5↑ 70↑ 30-78 4-8 10-40 0-25 7-3
P10 91↑ 90↑ 50-80 4-9 8-20 0-20 7-10
P20 90↑ 110↑ 60-83 5-10 5-15 0-15 6-9
P30 89↑ 130↑ 70-84 6-12 3-12 0-12 6-8
P40 88↑ 150↑ 65-85 7-15 2-10 0-10 6-8
P50 87↑ 170↑ 60-83 9-20 2-8 0-8 5-7
M M10 韌性↓大
大↑耐磨耗性
91↑ 100↑ 70-86 4-9 3-11 0-11 6-8
M20 90↑ 110↑ 70-86 5-11 2-10 0-10 5-8
M30 89↑ 130↑ 70-86 6-13 2-9 0-9 5-8
M40 87↑ 160↑ 65-85 8-20 1-7 0-7 5-7
K K01 韌性↓大
大↑耐磨耗性
91.5↑ 100↑ 83-91 3-6 0-2 0-3 5-7
K10 90.5↑ 120↑ 84-90 4-7 0-1 0-2 5-6
K20 89↑ 140↑ 83-89 5-8 0-1 0-2 5-6
K30 88↑ 150↑ 81-88 6-11 0-1 0-2 5-6
K40 87↑ 160↑ 79-87 7-16 5-6

鎢鋼材質刀具適性:

ISO
分類
等級 工件材料 切削方式 加工條件
P P01 鋼、鑄鋼 精密車削、精密搪削 適用高速鋼切削而進刀量小時,或要求工件的尺寸精度和表面加工成度良好,並在沒有振動狀態下之加工。
P10 鋼、鑄鋼 車削、靠模切削、螺紋切削、銑削 高~中速切削,小~中切削面積,中進刀量,或良好的加工條件下切削。
P20 鋼、鑄鋼、可鍛鑄鐵(長切屑) 車削、靠模切削、銑削、刨削 中速切削,中進刀量,在P系列中用途最廣泛。刨削時進刀量要小,銑削時要有良好的加工條件。
P30 鋼、鑄鋼、可鍛鑄鐵(長切屑) 車削、銑削、刨削 低~中速切削,中~大進刀量,或工件表面硬度粗細不均,進刀量有變化及振動時的不良加工條件。
P40
有砂孔等之鑄鐵
車削、刨削 低速切削,大進刀量,最不良加工條件下切削。
P50 低~中抗拉強度鋼 車削、刨削 低速切削,大進刀量,最不良加工條件下切削。
有砂孔等之鑄鐵 車削、刨削 低速切削,大進刀量,比P40更不良的加工條件下要求最大韌性之切削。
M M10 鋼、鑄鋼、鑄鐵 車削 中~高速切削,小~中進刀量,或在較良好的加工條件下切削,對於鋼和鑄鐵兩種材料之切削。
高錳鋼、奧斯田鐵鋼、特殊鑄鐵 車削 中~高速切削,小~中進刀量,或在較良好的加工條件下切削。
M20 鋼、鑄鋼、鑄鐵 車削、銑削 中速切削,中進刀量,或在不良加工條件下,對於鋼和鑄鐵兩種材料之切削。
奧斯田鐵鋼、特殊鑄鐵、高錳鋼 車削、銑削 中速切削,中進刀量,或在較良好的加工條件下切削。
M30 鋼、鑄鋼、鑄鐵、奧斯田鐵鋼、特殊鑄鐵、耐熱鋼 車削、銑削、切斷 中速切削,中~大進刀量,或對於厚的黑皮材料及有砂孔、焊接部的材料,比M20更不良加工條件下之切削。
M40 易削鋼、非鐵金屬 車削、切斷 高速切削,中~大進刀量,形狀複雜刀口,在M系列中最需要韌性之加工條件切削。
K K01 鑄鐵 精密車削、精密搪削、細加工銑削 高速切削,小進刀量,無振動時的良好加工條件條件下切削。
K10 冷硬鑄鐵、硬質鑄鐵、淬火鋼 車削 極低速切削,小進刀量,無振動時的良好加工條件條件下切削。
高矽鋁合金、陶器、石棉、硬紙板、石墨 無振動時的良好加工條件條件下切削。
HB200以上鑄鐵、
可鍛鑄鐵(長切屑)
車削、銑削、搪削、拉削、鉸削 中速切削,小進刀量,在K系列中用途比較廣,或比較無振動的加工條件條件下切削。
淬火鋼 車削 低速切削,小進刀量或較小振動的加工條件條件下切削。
矽鋁合金、硬質銅合金、硬質橡膠、玻璃瓷器、塑膠 比較小振動的加工條件條件下切削。
K20 HB220以下鑄鐵 車削、銑削、刨削、鉸削、鑽削 中速切削,中~大進刀量,在K系列中用於一般的加工,或要求有強大任性的加工條件條件下切削。
非鐵金屬材料 要求有強大任性的加工條件條件下切削。
K30 低抗拉強度鋼、低硬度鑄鐵; 車削、銑削、刨削 低速切削,小進刀量,較良好的加工條件下切削。
K40 低硬度非鐵金屬材料、木材 車削、銑削、刨削 切削比K30更不良的加工條件時之切削。

參考資訊來源:刀具設計 黃榮文 著

碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商,致力於製造優秀的產品,在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富,並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題,對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹,可選用常見的鎢鋼高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具

碧威銑刀熱門產品圓鋸片鎢鋼刀鋸片木工鋸片鎢鋼刀具側銑刀

機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍渦流管槍,並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機

碧威是在刀具製造機械工具業界中具有足夠水準的製造供應商!

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

BW’s popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

 

PCD Inserts

PCD Inserts

  • Product:PCD Insert
  • Specification:Custom made according to your request.
  • Characteristics:There are hundreds of cutters designed for alloy wheels. Various cutters specialized for different type of wheels are well-designed. Regarding the pin hole problem of c asting which happens in diameter under 1mm, it may be improved by using PCD cutters. We can make special size (custom made) PCD inserts according to changeable types of wheels.PCD is kind of polycrystal material made by carborundum powder with solvent under high temperature and pressure. The hardness (around HV6000) is lower than natural carborundum. Comparing PCD cutter with carbide cutter, its hardness is triple – quadruple higher; wear resistance and tool life is 50 -100 times higher; promoting cutting speed 5 -20 times; roughness may reach Ra0.05μm. PCD cutter brings high cutting efficiency and stable accuracy.

PCD Inserts

PCD Inserts

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) complex material is made by mixing fine diamond particles of micron grade, Co, Ni, and other metal powder under high pressure and high temperature, which is a new advanced cutter material sintered on WC substrate. There are many superior benefits of PCD complex, not only high hardness, wear resistance, thermal conductivity, low friction, low thermal expansion, but also with excellent strength and toughness. It has conductivity, so it can be cut by wire electrical discharging machine into required cutting edge. Then we weld the blade on the cutter body and grind it into PCD cutter.

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

 

BW’s popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

 

切屑形狀及其形成介紹

切屑形狀及其形成介紹

工件受刀具之切削後,內部產生了塑性變形,其塑性流動程度之大小直接影響了切屑的形態。一般切屑的基本形態有:不連續切屑、連續切屑和積屑刀口的連續切屑等3種。

Read the rest of this entry »

 

刀具磨耗與壽命

刀具磨耗與壽命

刀具磨耗在切削時熱和摩擦所產生的物理作用和化學作用的綜合結果。刀具由開始 切削達到刀具壽命依據以前所經過的切削時間稱為刀具壽命,刀具壽命依據一般採用刀具磨損量的某個預定值,也可以把某一現象的出現作為判斷依據,如振動激化、加工表面粗糙度惡化,斷屑不良和崩刃等。達到刀具壽命後,應將刀具重磨、轉位或廢棄。切削過程中刀具的刀頭部位因不斷地受到很大的作用力、高溫和激烈的摩擦作用而磨損,等磨損到某一程度時刀具即無法再勝任原有的切削功能,稱此段堪用的時間稱為刀具總壽命。

生產中 常根據加工條件,按最低生產成本或最高生產率原則,來確定刀具壽命和擬定工時定額。影響刀具壽命因素很多且複雜,

其中可判斷影響主要因素:

  1. 刀具材料與工件材料之配合情形
  2. 切削速度
  3. 切削厚度
  4. 切削寬度

切削速度增加,可使工件加工時間縮短,且加工面精度較佳,但刀具的磨耗速率卻會增加,亦即刀具壽命會縮短。刀具壽命切削速度之間相互制約的經驗公式為

VTn = C

  • T:刀具實際使用的切削時間(min)
  • V:為切削速度(m/min)
  • N: 常數 (刀具材料、工件材料與切削條件有關)
  • C:常數 (指刀具壽命為一分鐘時的切削速度)

刀具的磨損包括磨耗和破損

1. 刀具破損通常是突然發生,產生的原因有:

  1. 刀具幾何形狀不當
  2. 切削負荷過大
  3. 顫動或振動的衝擊作用
  4. 切削溫度超過其高溫硬度的極限
  5. 刀具本身即存在微裂縫的瑕疵等

2.造成刀具磨耗的主要原因有:

  1. 熔著
  2. 刮除
  3. 擴散

常見刀具磨損

  1. 凹陷磨耗(Cater wear)
  2. 熱變形(Thermal deformation)
  3. 熱龜裂(Thermal cracking)
  4. 刀鼻磨耗(Nose wear)
  5. 深切凹口(Depth of cut notching)

刀具磨損過程

  1. 初期磨損:

    此階段磨損因刀具讓面微觀粗糙不瓶,於切削作用下微觀突起先被磨平,隨之讓面被磨出一磨損帶,此後壓力減少,磨損速度趨於穩定。

  2. 正常磨損:

    刀具讓面磨損寬度隨切削時間增長而均勻增加,磨損狀況較穩定,此階段為刀具加工之有效期,刀具應在此範圍內使用。

  3. 劇烈磨損:

    此階段刀具變鈍,切削力增大,切削溫度上升,刀具很快失去切削能力,刀具磨損達此階段時,刀具材料損耗過大,刀具使用時應盡量避免到此階段。

參考文獻:

。德霖學報「第二十一期」刀具磨耗考量下之數控削參數最佳化研究 藍天雄 著

。機械工業雜誌 291期 刀具破損之探討 馬寧元及李新中 著

碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商,致力於製造優秀的產品,在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富,並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題,對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹,可選用常見的鎢鋼高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具

碧威銑刀熱門產品圓鋸片鎢鋼刀鋸片木工鋸片鎢鋼刀具側銑刀

機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍渦流管槍,並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機

碧威是在刀具製造機械工具業界中具有足夠水準的製造供應商!

 
 

PCBN刀具的磨损机理www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

PCBN
刀具是 20世纪 80年代初发展起来的一种超硬刀具,其高效、精密切削淬硬钢的特性已引起国内外企业界的极大兴
趣,在一些场合可以用PCBN刀具的精密硬态切削工艺来代替磨削工艺,从而大大提高了生产效率和降低生产成本.PCBN刀具在淬硬钢和铸铁的精密切削加工
应用最为广泛,占MNP=rrax-的 80o以上“,目前我国
PCBN刀具的应用情况并不乐观,原因是没有很好的掌握PCBN刀具的使用技术,使得PCBN
刀具的切削经济性与普通硬质合金和陶瓷刀具的经济性相当甚至要低.因此研究PCBN刀具的磨损特征对于开拓它的应用范围、制定合理切削参数和提高生产效率
都有重要意义.MN刀具的磨损机理与CBN颗粒的直径和百分含量、粘结剂的种类、切削参数和工件材料等许多因
素有关,PCBN刀具的磨损是在机械、热、化学等多种作用形式下产生的,而且当切削条件发生变化时,PCBN刀具的主要磨损形式也会发生相应变化门.2氧
化磨损
切削铸铁时,刀尖处的高温区可达800℃以上,氧化磨损表现的比较明显.此时PCBN刀具刀尖部分是在较高的压力(SGPa)和高温(800~1200
t)下工作的,易生氧化磨损和相变磨损,经过氧化和相变,该部分将会失去其切削能力.图 la为 h Beers公司 AMBORryE
DBC50刀具的原始组织形态,其基本组成成分(质量分数)包括50%CBN,40%TIC,6%WC和 4%AIN八皿2.图 fo为
800℃时发生氧化的DBC50组织形态,X射线分析表明氧化层的主要成分为TtoZ.实验表
明,在一定的切削条件下,PCBN刀具的基体组织CBN颗粒的稳定性很高,基本上不发生氧化
反应*’,而粘结剂的惰性表现不够稳定,因此生成脆性较大的To。晶体,很容易通过磨料磨损形式被切屑带走,从而使刀具切削性能不稳定.切削淬硬钢时,切
屑呈“半熔”态,刀尖处的高温区最高可达 1000℃以上仰,而且在切削一段时间后,刀具刃口和后刀面的轻微磨损使得切削压力高达10G
Pa,工件材料中的Fe在高温高压下很容易与空气中的氧发生化学反应而生成FeO的氧化层,
在合理的切削条件下能起到保护刀具刃口的作用,但这种氧化层的硬度较低,在摩擦过程中容易脱落间,从而使后刀面磨损加剧.图2 a为
DBC50刀具切削GCIS轴承钢(HRC62)时后刀面的磨损形貌,明显可以看到PCBN刀
具后刀面脱落层.图3为工件材料与刀具接触区氧化反应的示意图.实验研究表面发生氧化反应的
过渡层厚度大致为300—800urn,在这个过渡层中工件材料和刀具材料并没有发生明显的
化学反应,但它却能使工件表面质量变坏,因此在淬硬钢的精密硬态切削中控制好氧化磨损极为重
要.通过对接触层元素的检测,如图二b所示.可以发现Fe和O的质量分数不断的降低,而N,
BJi和C元素的质量分数都有不同程度的上升,因为融人TIC/CBN间隙中的FeO氧化层硬度低而不断地流失,从而使其他元素的含量增高.3扩散磨损
CBN与铁族元素(Fe,N,Co等)具有很强的化学惰性.研究表明:CBN晶粒与纯铁的扩散
实验中没有发现两者之间的相互扩散,如图4a所示.可见Fe和B元素都没有发生扩散;在PCBN与55”钢的扩散实验(1200℃,加热30
nun)中发现 CBN刀具中的B和C。向Fe中多少有些扩散,从图4b可看到刀具中B元素的质量分数逐步降低
.加热实验还表明TW结合剂和TM结合剂PCBN刀具中的AI和被加工材料中的N相互产生了扩散,C。结合剂PCBN刀具中的C。和被加工材料的
N也产生相互扩散,若刀具材料中含有N成分,则扩散磨损更为严重I4.另外,当pCBN刀具结
合剂中用含有AI及被加工材料中含有a时石i会向刀具中扩散,导致刀具磨损.图5为PCBN
刀具切削淬硬钢时刀具的微观组织和元素分布,白色的TIC衬托于黑色BN相之上,刀具后刀面
上可检测到Fe,AJ,Mn和出元素,而且还发生了一些化学变化,这充分说明了切削淬硬钢时存在扩散磨损现象.4微裂解磨损
PCBN刀具在切削过程中,刀具工作面与被加工材料及周围介质发生化学反应,反应生成物被溶化
后,在刀具前刀面上形成一层液态薄膜.此液态薄膜成分主要是PCBN刀具和工件材料及其氧化物、碳化物、氮化物和硼化物,如BZO3,Fe—FeBZ共晶
体等,另外还有一些金属间化合物. 切削过程中形成的液态薄膜对PCBN刀具的磨损有较大影响,切削速度较低时,液态薄膜的粘度较
大,易被切屑粘结带走,因此磨损较为严重;随着切削速度升高,切削温度上升,液态膜动力粘度
下降,对刀屑间的摩擦有明显的润滑作用,而且BN在薄膜中已经饱和,此时薄膜就像保护层一样
,可以防止进一步的成分扩散和化学磨损,故磨损较小.用含AIN结合剂的PCBN刀具切削经
奥氏体等温淬火的球墨铸铁的试验表明,AIN和被加工材料中的引结合形成SIAION而导致刀具磨损,结合剂中AI的含量越高,刀具后刀面磨损速度就越
快,刀具寿命就越短旧.PCBN是由无数微小的无方向性的CBN单晶组成,在CBN聚晶过程中,从触媒或添加剂中要扩
散进去一些“杂质”如St,Ca,Cu等元素,这些“杂质”存在于晶界间,晶界为杂质富集区
,是强度的薄弱环节.从某种意义上可以视为“裂纹”,无论在原始晶粒内部还是在晶界处均因先
天或后生条件而存在着内应力,由于存在“精细裂纹”和内应力,导致聚晶体的实际强度远低于其
理论值.PCBN刀具在切削时刀刃部微小单晶颗粒脱落的现象称为微裂解,数个CBN颗粒剥落
称微崩刃.微裂解和微崩刃混杂磨损是超硬刀具材料所恃有的磨损类型.PCBN刀具切削时,由
于热切屑流摩擦、刮研及被加工材料材质不均时导致的微冲击以及机床一工件一刀具系统的振动等
因素,使聚晶体首先在晶界处产生裂纹,单晶颗粒不连续的脱落,造成刀具的微裂解和微崩刃门,在刃口处形成凸凹不平的裂解区不断扩大,直至产生裂断.5结
语 以上各种因素的磨损相互影响、互相促进,如氧化磨损与相变磨损必然伴随粘结磨损,并使机械磨损
加剧,同时也促进剥落磨损和微崩刃磨损的产生.因此,成功实施PCBN刀具对淬硬钢和铸铁的
精密切削加工的前提是控制切削过程PCBN刀具的适度磨损,研究各种磨损产生的原因和控制对 策.

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen
willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com http://www.tool-tool.com
skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office
No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4
24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome
to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in
cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the
best cutter to satisfy users

demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold &
die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert
in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please
feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product
including: cutting tool
aerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

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發表迴響

發文者為 於 2007/10/09 英吋 NaNo Cutting Tools

 

PCBN刀具的磨损机理www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

PCBN
刀具是 20世纪 80年代初发展起来的一种超硬刀具,其高效、精密切削淬硬钢的特性已引起国内外企业界的极大兴
趣,在一些场合可以用PCBN刀具的精密硬态切削工艺来代替磨削工艺,从而大大提高了生产效率和降低生产成本.PCBN刀具在淬硬钢和铸铁的精密切削加工
应用最为广泛,占MNP=rrax-的 80o以上“,目前我国
PCBN刀具的应用情况并不乐观,原因是没有很好的掌握PCBN刀具的使用技术,使得PCBN
刀具的切削经济性与普通硬质合金和陶瓷刀具的经济性相当甚至要低.因此研究PCBN刀具的磨损特征对于开拓它的应用范围、制定合理切削参数和提高生产效率
都有重要意义.MN刀具的磨损机理与CBN颗粒的直径和百分含量、粘结剂的种类、切削参数和工件材料等许多因
素有关,PCBN刀具的磨损是在机械、热、化学等多种作用形式下产生的,而且当切削条件发生变化时,PCBN刀具的主要磨损形式也会发生相应变化门.2氧
化磨损
切削铸铁时,刀尖处的高温区可达800℃以上,氧化磨损表现的比较明显.此时PCBN刀具刀尖部分是在较高的压力(SGPa)和高温(800~1200
t)下工作的,易生氧化磨损和相变磨损,经过氧化和相变,该部分将会失去其切削能力.图 la为 h Beers公司 AMBORryE
DBC50刀具的原始组织形态,其基本组成成分(质量分数)包括50%CBN,40%TIC,6%WC和 4%AIN八皿2.图 fo为
800℃时发生氧化的DBC50组织形态,X射线分析表明氧化层的主要成分为TtoZ.实验表
明,在一定的切削条件下,PCBN刀具的基体组织CBN颗粒的稳定性很高,基本上不发生氧化
反应*’,而粘结剂的惰性表现不够稳定,因此生成脆性较大的To。晶体,很容易通过磨料磨损形式被切屑带走,从而使刀具切削性能不稳定.切削淬硬钢时,切
屑呈“半熔”态,刀尖处的高温区最高可达 1000℃以上仰,而且在切削一段时间后,刀具刃口和后刀面的轻微磨损使得切削压力高达10G
Pa,工件材料中的Fe在高温高压下很容易与空气中的氧发生化学反应而生成FeO的氧化层,
在合理的切削条件下能起到保护刀具刃口的作用,但这种氧化层的硬度较低,在摩擦过程中容易脱落间,从而使后刀面磨损加剧.图2 a为
DBC50刀具切削GCIS轴承钢(HRC62)时后刀面的磨损形貌,明显可以看到PCBN刀
具后刀面脱落层.图3为工件材料与刀具接触区氧化反应的示意图.实验研究表面发生氧化反应的
过渡层厚度大致为300—800urn,在这个过渡层中工件材料和刀具材料并没有发生明显的
化学反应,但它却能使工件表面质量变坏,因此在淬硬钢的精密硬态切削中控制好氧化磨损极为重
要.通过对接触层元素的检测,如图二b所示.可以发现Fe和O的质量分数不断的降低,而N,
BJi和C元素的质量分数都有不同程度的上升,因为融人TIC/CBN间隙中的FeO氧化层硬度低而不断地流失,从而使其他元素的含量增高.3扩散磨损
CBN与铁族元素(Fe,N,Co等)具有很强的化学惰性.研究表明:CBN晶粒与纯铁的扩散
实验中没有发现两者之间的相互扩散,如图4a所示.可见Fe和B元素都没有发生扩散;在PCBN与55”钢的扩散实验(1200℃,加热30
nun)中发现 CBN刀具中的B和C。向Fe中多少有些扩散,从图4b可看到刀具中B元素的质量分数逐步降低
.加热实验还表明TW结合剂和TM结合剂PCBN刀具中的AI和被加工材料中的N相互产生了扩散,C。结合剂PCBN刀具中的C。和被加工材料的
N也产生相互扩散,若刀具材料中含有N成分,则扩散磨损更为严重I4.另外,当pCBN刀具结
合剂中用含有AI及被加工材料中含有a时石i会向刀具中扩散,导致刀具磨损.图5为PCBN
刀具切削淬硬钢时刀具的微观组织和元素分布,白色的TIC衬托于黑色BN相之上,刀具后刀面
上可检测到Fe,AJ,Mn和出元素,而且还发生了一些化学变化,这充分说明了切削淬硬钢时存在扩散磨损现象.4微裂解磨损
PCBN刀具在切削过程中,刀具工作面与被加工材料及周围介质发生化学反应,反应生成物被溶化
后,在刀具前刀面上形成一层液态薄膜.此液态薄膜成分主要是PCBN刀具和工件材料及其氧化物、碳化物、氮化物和硼化物,如BZO3,Fe—FeBZ共晶
体等,另外还有一些金属间化合物. 切削过程中形成的液态薄膜对PCBN刀具的磨损有较大影响,切削速度较低时,液态薄膜的粘度较
大,易被切屑粘结带走,因此磨损较为严重;随着切削速度升高,切削温度上升,液态膜动力粘度
下降,对刀屑间的摩擦有明显的润滑作用,而且BN在薄膜中已经饱和,此时薄膜就像保护层一样
,可以防止进一步的成分扩散和化学磨损,故磨损较小.用含AIN结合剂的PCBN刀具切削经
奥氏体等温淬火的球墨铸铁的试验表明,AIN和被加工材料中的引结合形成SIAION而导致刀具磨损,结合剂中AI的含量越高,刀具后刀面磨损速度就越
快,刀具寿命就越短旧.PCBN是由无数微小的无方向性的CBN单晶组成,在CBN聚晶过程中,从触媒或添加剂中要扩
散进去一些“杂质”如St,Ca,Cu等元素,这些“杂质”存在于晶界间,晶界为杂质富集区
,是强度的薄弱环节.从某种意义上可以视为“裂纹”,无论在原始晶粒内部还是在晶界处均因先
天或后生条件而存在着内应力,由于存在“精细裂纹”和内应力,导致聚晶体的实际强度远低于其
理论值.PCBN刀具在切削时刀刃部微小单晶颗粒脱落的现象称为微裂解,数个CBN颗粒剥落
称微崩刃.微裂解和微崩刃混杂磨损是超硬刀具材料所恃有的磨损类型.PCBN刀具切削时,由
于热切屑流摩擦、刮研及被加工材料材质不均时导致的微冲击以及机床一工件一刀具系统的振动等
因素,使聚晶体首先在晶界处产生裂纹,单晶颗粒不连续的脱落,造成刀具的微裂解和微崩刃门,在刃口处形成凸凹不平的裂解区不断扩大,直至产生裂断.5结
语 以上各种因素的磨损相互影响、互相促进,如氧化磨损与相变磨损必然伴随粘结磨损,并使机械磨损
加剧,同时也促进剥落磨损和微崩刃磨损的产生.因此,成功实施PCBN刀具对淬硬钢和铸铁的
精密切削加工的前提是控制切削过程PCBN刀具的适度磨损,研究各种磨损产生的原因和控制对 策.

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen
willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com http://www.tool-tool.com
skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office
No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4
24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome
to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in
cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the
best cutter to satisfy users

demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold &
die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert
in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please
feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product
including: cutting tool
aerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. http://www.tool-tool.com

BW
специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем
самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих /
фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и
электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид
/ быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC
картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы,
фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм
для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано
инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт http://www.tool-tool.com для получения
большей информации.

BW
is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide
material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for
mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products
include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card
cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread
reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and
worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline
shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please
visit our web http://www.tool-tool.com for more info
.

 
發表迴響

發文者為 於 2007/10/09 英吋 NaNo Cutting Tools

 

立方氮化硼刀具在薄壁缸套加工www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.


何在缸套生产中充分发挥数控车床高转速和高精度的优势 ,成为工程技术人员急待解决的问题。  1 刀具的选择①在湿切削条件下 ,普通硬质合金刀具
(如YG3X、YG3、YG6等 )在转速n <30> 0r/min时 ,刀具磨损很快 ,通常只能加工几件工件就需重新刃磨
;②涂层刀具 (如TiC、TiN刀具 )在n =30 0~5 0 0r/min时加工表面质量较好 ;当涂层磨损以后 ,刀具性能下降 ,出现鳞刺
,但可以加工 30~ 4 0件缸套。③陶瓷刀片虽然转速可达 80 0~ 10 0 0r/min ,且表面质量较好 ,但烧损较快
,综合寿命不高。原因是陶瓷刀片本身硬度较低 ,而缸套中的硼化物硬质点硬度高达 80 0HV
,因此刀片容易烧损。由于上述几种刀具在加工缸套时都不太理想 ,因此将目标锁定立方氮化硼 (CBN)刀具。表
1列出的是几种硬质材料的显微硬度参考比值。表 1材料TiNWCTaCTiC Al2 O3Si3N4 立方氮化硼
(CBN)金刚石(C)硬度(HV) 2 0 0 0 2 0 80 180 0 3 0 0 0 2 70 0 5 0 0 0 80 0 0~
90 0 0  2 立方氮化硼刀具的特点立方氮化硼 (CBN)是继人工合成金刚石后利用超高温高压技术获得的另一种无机超硬材料
,它是由软的立方氮化硼在高温高压下加入催化剂转变而成 ,主要成分为BN ,密度 3 4 4~ 3 4 9g/cm3(YG3为14 9~ 15
3g/cm3) ,硬度 730 0~ 10 0 0 0HV(因厂家不同硬度有差异 ) ,耐热温度 15 0
0℃。由于立方氮化硼与铁元素的化学亲合性小 (因为B、N本身原子特性较稳定 ) ,故多用于切削淬火钢、冷硬铸铁、镍基合金等 ,精加工Rz 可达
1 6~ 1μm (Ra0 32~ 0 2 μm) ,实际批量生产中控制在Ra1 2 5~ 1 0 μm。立方氮化硼刀具具有几种形式
:①以聚晶CBN的大颗粒制成的镶嵌式刀片 :有圆形、方形和三角形等形状的规则刀片 ,与机夹刀杆配用。②以硬质合金为基体的复合型CBN刀具
:这样的配合可充分发挥刀刃的耐磨性和基体的韧性 ,扩大立方氮化硼刀具的使用范围。由于两种材料的线膨胀系数及密度都不同 ,为保证热传递及可加工性
,CBN的厚度一般为 0 5~ 1 2mm ,约占刀片的 1/ 4~1/ 3或更小。刀片有圆柱形、正方形等规则形状 ,也有不规则形状
,亦与机夹刀杆配用。③将复合型刀片焊接在碳钢上作为整体使用的刀具 ,焊接面为银焊或铜焊 (见图 1)。图 1图
1中的CBN是用CBN粉末在超高压条件下烧结而成 ,含CBN的体积比越大
,刀具硬度越高。加工含有大量碳化物的淬火钢及铸铁时宜采用CBN体积比为 90 %以上的材料。  3 立方氮化硼刀具的应用(1)切削试验条件刀具
:郑州博特硬质材料有限公司生产的 80°焊接式机夹式刀块 ;压紧方式 :螺钉上压紧 ;负倒棱宽度 0 1~ 0 2mm(见图 2 )。图
2使用设备 :大连产大力CL 15数控车床。切削液 :煤油。加工工件 :朝柴 6 10 5缸套 ,外圆由10 8+ 0 6 5+ 0 50
mm车至10 8 15mm ,L =2 0 4mm。(2 )切削试验结果记录的切削试验数据列于表 2。表
2刀具编号机床转速(r/min)进给量(mm/r) 冷却状态刀具补偿(mm)加工工件数量 结果评价180 0 0 4510 0 0 0 3
煤油10 0刀尖轻微磨损45前刀面有微月牙凹 ,副切削刃磨损较主切削刃大210 0 0 0 310 0 0 0 310 0 0 0 3煤油14
00 0 5 900 0 5 5 03 12 0 0 0 3煤油 14 84110 0 0 3110 0 0 3 煤油 800 0 5
72513 0 0 0 3110 0 0 3110 0 0 3煤油820 0 5 450 0 5 1106、7、8、9、10 110 0 0
3煤油 15 011、12、13、14 110 0 0 3干切削 70~ 80图 3  切削试验结果表明 :  
(1)采用PCBN刀具加工缸套等薄壁产品时 ,当车削进给量f=(0 3~ 0 35 )mm、不大于刀尖圆弧半径 (R =0
4mm)时才能保证刀具磨损正常 (主要是后刀面磨损和前刀面磨损 ) ,同时获得较好的表面加工质量 (Ra1 6~ 1 0 μm)。切削时
,切削量的突变有可能导致CBN复合层的脱落 ;刀具磨损严重后 ,加工表面质量下降 ,缸套变形加剧 ,不易卸料
,此时应及时换刀并进行刀具修磨。(2 )在湿切削情况下 ,刀片温度较低 ,刀片基体无蓝色回火区 (这一现象在干切削时也存在
)。(3)PCBN刀具经认真修磨后 ,切削性能保持良好。需要注意的是 :刀具修磨质量对PCBN刀具的性能发挥有很大影响
,目前PCBN刀具的修磨方式有专用刃磨机床 (带冷却液 )修磨、工具磨床修磨和手工修磨等 ,其中手工修磨要求操作者具有较高的水平。刀片修磨后
,要增加负倒棱 (0 1~ 0 2 )×10°。金刚石砂轮粒度应选为 2 0 0 #左右 ,修磨时尽可能降低刀片温度 ,因为银焊或铜焊的熔点低
,修磨时可能因散热性能差打掉CBN复合层。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen
willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com http://www.tool-tool.com
skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office
No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4
24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome
to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in
cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the
best cutter to satisfy users

demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold &
die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert
in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please
feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product
including: cutting tool
aerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. http://www.tool-tool.com

BW
специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем
самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих /
фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и
электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид
/ быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC
картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы,
фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм
для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано
инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт http://www.tool-tool.com для получения
большей информации.

BW
is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide
material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for
mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products
include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card
cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread
reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and
worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline
shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please
visit our web http://www.tool-tool.com for more info
.

 
發表迴響

發文者為 於 2007/10/08 英吋 NaNo Cutting Tools

 

立方氮化硼刀具在薄壁缸套加工www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.


何在缸套生产中充分发挥数控车床高转速和高精度的优势 ,成为工程技术人员急待解决的问题。  1 刀具的选择①在湿切削条件下 ,普通硬质合金刀具
(如YG3X、YG3、YG6等 )在转速n <30> 0r/min时 ,刀具磨损很快 ,通常只能加工几件工件就需重新刃磨
;②涂层刀具 (如TiC、TiN刀具 )在n =30 0~5 0 0r/min时加工表面质量较好 ;当涂层磨损以后 ,刀具性能下降 ,出现鳞刺
,但可以加工 30~ 4 0件缸套。③陶瓷刀片虽然转速可达 80 0~ 10 0 0r/min ,且表面质量较好 ,但烧损较快
,综合寿命不高。原因是陶瓷刀片本身硬度较低 ,而缸套中的硼化物硬质点硬度高达 80 0HV
,因此刀片容易烧损。由于上述几种刀具在加工缸套时都不太理想 ,因此将目标锁定立方氮化硼 (CBN)刀具。表
1列出的是几种硬质材料的显微硬度参考比值。表 1材料TiNWCTaCTiC Al2 O3Si3N4 立方氮化硼
(CBN)金刚石(C)硬度(HV) 2 0 0 0 2 0 80 180 0 3 0 0 0 2 70 0 5 0 0 0 80 0 0~
90 0 0  2 立方氮化硼刀具的特点立方氮化硼 (CBN)是继人工合成金刚石后利用超高温高压技术获得的另一种无机超硬材料
,它是由软的立方氮化硼在高温高压下加入催化剂转变而成 ,主要成分为BN ,密度 3 4 4~ 3 4 9g/cm3(YG3为14 9~ 15
3g/cm3) ,硬度 730 0~ 10 0 0 0HV(因厂家不同硬度有差异 ) ,耐热温度 15 0
0℃。由于立方氮化硼与铁元素的化学亲合性小 (因为B、N本身原子特性较稳定 ) ,故多用于切削淬火钢、冷硬铸铁、镍基合金等 ,精加工Rz 可达
1 6~ 1μm (Ra0 32~ 0 2 μm) ,实际批量生产中控制在Ra1 2 5~ 1 0 μm。立方氮化硼刀具具有几种形式
:①以聚晶CBN的大颗粒制成的镶嵌式刀片 :有圆形、方形和三角形等形状的规则刀片 ,与机夹刀杆配用。②以硬质合金为基体的复合型CBN刀具
:这样的配合可充分发挥刀刃的耐磨性和基体的韧性 ,扩大立方氮化硼刀具的使用范围。由于两种材料的线膨胀系数及密度都不同 ,为保证热传递及可加工性
,CBN的厚度一般为 0 5~ 1 2mm ,约占刀片的 1/ 4~1/ 3或更小。刀片有圆柱形、正方形等规则形状 ,也有不规则形状
,亦与机夹刀杆配用。③将复合型刀片焊接在碳钢上作为整体使用的刀具 ,焊接面为银焊或铜焊 (见图 1)。图 1图
1中的CBN是用CBN粉末在超高压条件下烧结而成 ,含CBN的体积比越大
,刀具硬度越高。加工含有大量碳化物的淬火钢及铸铁时宜采用CBN体积比为 90 %以上的材料。  3 立方氮化硼刀具的应用(1)切削试验条件刀具
:郑州博特硬质材料有限公司生产的 80°焊接式机夹式刀块 ;压紧方式 :螺钉上压紧 ;负倒棱宽度 0 1~ 0 2mm(见图 2 )。图
2使用设备 :大连产大力CL 15数控车床。切削液 :煤油。加工工件 :朝柴 6 10 5缸套 ,外圆由10 8+ 0 6 5+ 0 50
mm车至10 8 15mm ,L =2 0 4mm。(2 )切削试验结果记录的切削试验数据列于表 2。表
2刀具编号机床转速(r/min)进给量(mm/r) 冷却状态刀具补偿(mm)加工工件数量 结果评价180 0 0 4510 0 0 0 3
煤油10 0刀尖轻微磨损45前刀面有微月牙凹 ,副切削刃磨损较主切削刃大210 0 0 0 310 0 0 0 310 0 0 0 3煤油14
00 0 5 900 0 5 5 03 12 0 0 0 3煤油 14 84110 0 0 3110 0 0 3 煤油 800 0 5
72513 0 0 0 3110 0 0 3110 0 0 3煤油820 0 5 450 0 5 1106、7、8、9、10 110 0 0
3煤油 15 011、12、13、14 110 0 0 3干切削 70~ 80图 3  切削试验结果表明 :  
(1)采用PCBN刀具加工缸套等薄壁产品时 ,当车削进给量f=(0 3~ 0 35 )mm、不大于刀尖圆弧半径 (R =0
4mm)时才能保证刀具磨损正常 (主要是后刀面磨损和前刀面磨损 ) ,同时获得较好的表面加工质量 (Ra1 6~ 1 0 μm)。切削时
,切削量的突变有可能导致CBN复合层的脱落 ;刀具磨损严重后 ,加工表面质量下降 ,缸套变形加剧 ,不易卸料
,此时应及时换刀并进行刀具修磨。(2 )在湿切削情况下 ,刀片温度较低 ,刀片基体无蓝色回火区 (这一现象在干切削时也存在
)。(3)PCBN刀具经认真修磨后 ,切削性能保持良好。需要注意的是 :刀具修磨质量对PCBN刀具的性能发挥有很大影响
,目前PCBN刀具的修磨方式有专用刃磨机床 (带冷却液 )修磨、工具磨床修磨和手工修磨等 ,其中手工修磨要求操作者具有较高的水平。刀片修磨后
,要增加负倒棱 (0 1~ 0 2 )×10°。金刚石砂轮粒度应选为 2 0 0 #左右 ,修磨时尽可能降低刀片温度 ,因为银焊或铜焊的熔点低
,修磨时可能因散热性能差打掉CBN复合层。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen
willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com http://www.tool-tool.com
skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office
No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4
24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome
to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in
cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the
best cutter to satisfy users

demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold &
die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert
in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please
feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product
including: cutting tool
aerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. http://www.tool-tool.com

BW
специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем
самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих /
фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и
электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид
/ быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC
картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы,
фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм
для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано
инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт http://www.tool-tool.com для получения
большей информации.

BW
is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide
material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for
mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products
include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card
cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread
reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and
worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline
shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please
visit our web http://www.tool-tool.com for more info
.

 
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發文者為 於 2007/10/08 英吋 NaNo Cutting Tools